📚 주어-동사 일치(Subject-Verb Agreement) 완전 정리

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📌 배울 것들

  • 주어와 동사의 일치 규칙을 배우고, 영어 문장을 더 쉽게 쓸 수 있게 된다.
  • 단수 주어와 복수 주어에 맞는 동사를 고르는 방법을 배운다.
  • 주어-동사 일치에 관련된 심화 규칙을 이해한다.
  • 다양한 연습문제를 풀면서 실전 적용 능력을 키운다.
  • Indefinite Pronouns(불특정 대명사)의 규칙을 배우고, 단수/복수 구분을 완벽하게 이해한다.

🏷️ PART 1: SIMPLE AND COMPOUND SUBJECTS

I. Simple Subject-Verb Agreement

✅ 핵심 개념

  • 단수 주어 → 동사에 -s, -es, -ies를 붙입니다.
  • 복수 주어 → 동사의 기본형을 사용합니다.

✅ 주어 찾는 방법

  • “누가/무엇이 행동하는가?”를 물어보세요!

✔️ 예시

  1. The boy studies at that school.
  2. Cathy, along with the sons of Mrs. Santos, plays here every day.
  3. The dog barks loudly when someone comes home.

✔️ 연습문제

  1. The teacher (explain, explains) the lesson clearly every day.
  2. The dogs (bark, barks) loudly at night.
  3. A new store (open, opens) next month.
  4. They (like, likes) to play basketball.
  5. The windows (is, are) very clean.

II. Compound Subjects

✅ 핵심 개념

  • and로 연결된 주어 ➔ 복수 → 기본형 동사 사용
  • or/nor로 연결된 주어 ➔ or/nor 뒤 주어를 보고 단수/복수 결정

✔️ 예시

  1. Jen and Jesha go to school.
  2. Neither the teacher nor the students are ready.
  3. The sun and the moon shine brightly in the sky.

✔️ 연습문제

  1. My brother and sister (play, plays) the piano.
  2. Neither the dog nor the cats (need, needs) a bath.
  3. Bread and butter (is, are) on the table.
  4. Either the teacher or the students (has, have) the answer.
  5. Jane and her sister (walk, walks) to school.

🏷️ PART 2: MORE SPECIAL RULES!

I. Special Compound Subjects

✅ 핵심 개념

  • 둘이 하나의 개념을 나타낼 때 → 단수 취급합니다.

✔️ 예시

  1. Bread and butter is my favorite meal.
  2. The singer and songwriter is performing tonight.
  3. Ham and eggs make a good breakfast.

✔️ 연습문제

  1. Rice and beans (is, are) my go-to meal after exercise.
  2. My best friend and mentor (help, helps) me.
  3. Bread and butter (is, are) served daily.
  4. Ham and eggs (make, makes) a great breakfast.
  5. Peanut butter and jelly (is, are) my favorite.

II. Units of Measurement

✅ 핵심 개념

  • 시간, 무게, 길이, 돈 등 단위를 나타내는 명사는 복수형이어도 단수 취급합니다.

✔️ 예시

  1. Ten dollars is enough to buy a book.
  2. Three hours is too long to wait.
  3. Five liters of water is needed.

✔️ 연습문제

  1. Ten dollars (seem, seems) cheap for that item.
  2. Three hours (pass, passes) quickly.
  3. Two liters of milk (is, are) in the fridge.
  4. A hundred kilometers (is, are) not far by car.
  5. Five pounds (cost, costs) a lot.

III. Transposed Sentences & Questions

✅ 핵심 개념

  • 주어가 동사 뒤에 올 때도, 주어를 정확히 찾아야 한다.

✔️ 예시

  1. Into the room comes a large crowd.
  2. From the window enters a fresh breeze.
  3. In the basket sits an apple.

✔️ 연습문제

  1. On the wall (hang, hangs) beautiful paintings.
  2. Over the mountains (fly, flies) a flock of birds.
  3. In the garden (bloom, blooms) beautiful flowers.
  4. Across the river (sit, sits) a small boat.
  5. Over the hills (shine, shines) the bright moon.

IV. Verbal Nouns

✅ 핵심 개념

  • **동명사(-ing)**나 **to부정사(to + 동사)**가 주어로 오면 ➔ 단수 취급

✔️ 예시

  1. Eating too much sugar causes health problems.
  2. Reading books helps to expand your knowledge.
  3. To play the piano requires a lot of practice.

✔️ 연습문제

  1. Eating too much sugar (cause, causes) health problems.
  2. Reading books (help, helps) to expand your knowledge.
  3. To pass the exam (require, requires) a lot of preparation.
  4. Studying every day (improve, improves) your skills.
  5. To travel abroad (cost, costs) a lot of money.

V. Indefinite Pronouns

Always Singular (somebody, nobody, this, that, much, little)

✔️ 예시

  1. Somebody is calling you.
  2. Nobody likes bad weather.
  3. This seems wrong.

✔️ 연습문제

  1. Somebody (is, are) calling you.
  2. Nobody (like, likes) bad weather.
  3. This (seem, seems) wrong.
  4. That (look, looks) wonderful.
  5. Much (has, have) been done already.

Always Plural (many, few, several, these, those)

✔️ 예시

  1. Many were surprised by the news.
  2. Few enjoy doing homework.
  3. Several have already left.

✔️ 연습문제

  1. Many (was, were) surprised by the news.
  2. Few (want, wants) to volunteer.
  3. Several (has, have) already left.
  4. These (make, makes) a lot of noise.
  5. Those (are, is) not allowed.

Contextual (some, all, most)

✔️ 예시

  1. Some of the water has spilled.
  2. Some of the students are absent today.
  3. All of the cake is gone.

✔️ 연습문제

  1. Some of the cake (has, have) been eaten.
  2. Some of the people (is, are) missing.
  3. All of the money (is, are) accounted for.
  4. All of the students (attend, attends) class regularly.
  5. Most of the juice (was, were) spilled.

📂 학습 자료 다운로드

📝 학습을 마치며

영어 문장을 자연스럽게 만들기 위해 꼭 알아야 하는 것이 바로 주어-동사 일치입니다.
조금 헷갈릴 수 있지만, 한 번 제대로 익혀두면 영어가 훨씬 쉬워진다는 걸 느끼게 될 거예요.

이번 자료는 단순히 이론만 외우는 것이 아니라,
직접 문제를 풀고 → 해설을 읽고 → 다시 적용해보는 과정을 통해
문법을 몸에 익힐 수 있도록 구성했습니다.

하루 10분씩 부담 없이 풀어보세요.
작은 연습이 쌓이면, 어느 순간 영어 문장 실력이 부쩍 늘어날 거예요.

주어-동사 일치, 오늘부터 자신 있게 시작해봐요! ✨

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