📗 Core Reading · Lexile 860~950
✔ 학습 목표
수요와 공급의 기본 원리를 이해하고, 시장에서 가격이 어떻게 변하는지 설명할 수 있어요.
수요란? (Demand)
Demand is the amount of goods consumers want to buy at a certain price.
공급이란? (Supply)
Supply is the amount of goods sellers offer at a certain price.
🔹 Reading Passage
Supply and demand are essential principles in economics that describe how markets operate.
When the demand for a product rises but the supply remains constant, prices typically increase.
This is because more consumers are competing for a limited amount of goods.
In contrast, if the supply grows while demand stays the same, prices often decline.
A surplus of goods leads to lower prices, as sellers try to attract buyers.
Understanding the interaction between supply and demand helps explain price changes in the economy.
It also provides insight into how people make purchasing decisions in real-world situations.
🔹 Reading Comprehension Questions
Q1. What happens when demand rises but supply stays constant?
A. Prices typically increase.
B. Prices usually decrease.
C. Prices remain the same.
Q2. Why do prices increase when demand is higher than supply?
A. Because sellers want to lower prices.
B. Because more consumers compete for limited goods.
C. Because supply is unlimited.
🔹 Vocabulary Quiz
Q3. What does “surplus” mean in the passage?
A. A shortage of goods.
B. An excess of goods.
C. Stable prices.
🔹 Grammar Quiz
Q4. Choose the correct sentence that uses the present perfect tense correctly:
A. Prices has declined due to increased supply.
B. Prices have declined due to increased supply.
C. Prices is declining due to increased supply.
D. Prices declining due to increased supply.
🔹 어휘 정리표
| 영어 단어 | Meaning | 단어 · 설명 | 예문 |
|---|---|---|---|
| demand | amount buyers want | 수요 | Demand for phones has increased. |
| supply | amount sellers offer | 공급 | Supply of goods affects price. |
| surplus | extra amount | 잉여, 과잉 | A surplus leads to price drops. |
✔ 정답 및 해설
- Q1. A — When demand rises but supply stays constant, prices typically increase.
- Q2. B — Prices rise because more consumers compete for limited goods.
- Q3. B — “Surplus” means an excess of goods.
- Q4. B — “Prices have declined” is the correct present perfect form.
📌 Grammar Note
Present perfect uses “have/has + past participle” to describe experiences or changes.
– 현재완료는 경험이나 변화된 상태를 나타낼 때 사용해요.
예: “Prices have declined recently.”
👉 더 자세한 문법 공부가 궁금하다면
🌟 Learn All English Verb Tenses 바로가기를 클릭하세요!
🔁 복습 문제
Choose the correct sentence using present perfect:
A. Prices has declined due to increased supply.
B. Prices have declined due to increased supply.
C. Prices is declining due to increased supply.
D. Prices declining due to increased supply.
정답: B
📁 문법 비교 정리
| 표현 | 의미 | 예문 |
|---|---|---|
| declined (과거형) | 과거에 감소함 | Prices declined last year. |
| have declined (현재완료) | 과거부터 지금까지 감소함 | Prices have declined recently. |
| have been declining (현재완료진행) | 계속 감소하고 있는 중 (지속 + 현재) | Prices have been declining for several months. |
Q&A
Q. Why do prices drop when supply increases?
A. Because more goods are available than consumers want to buy, sellers lower prices to attract buyers.
🌍 This is a common market behavior affecting everyday products.
📘 교과 연계 + 예시
경제 교과서 없이도 이해 가능해요!
수요가 많으면 가격이 오르고,
공급이 많으면 가격이 내려가요.
- 예시 1: 장난감 사려는 아이가 많으면 가격이 올라가요.
- 예시 2: 아이스크림이 많으면 가격이 내려가요.
📝 학습을 마치며
시장에서는 수요와 공급의 균형이 가격을 결정하며,
이 원리를 알면 경제 흐름을 쉽게 이해할 수 있어요.
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