📙 Advanced (960~1050) | Can We Scientifically Understand a Dog’s Feelings?

강아지 감정을 과학으로 읽을 수 있을까?

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✔ 학습 목표

 - 과학적 방법으로 동물의 감정을 이해하는 과정을 익혀요.
 - 고급 영어 문장을 읽고 어휘와 문법 구조를 함께 훈련해요.
 - 논리적 연결어, 현재완료, 관계절 구조를 중심으로 독해 연습해요.

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🔹 Reading Passage

 Although dogs do not communicate through spoken language as humans do, that does not imply we are incapable of interpreting their emotions. In recent years, scientists have employed sophisticated technologies to gain deeper insights into the emotional experiences of dogs. By analyzing brain scans, monitoring heart rates, and measuring hormone fluctuations, researchers are able to explore what might be occurring within a dog’s mind during various social interactions.

 For instance, when a dog sees its trusted human companion, activity in regions of the brain associated with pleasure and attachment is often observed. Functional MRI (fMRI) technology enables scientists to capture these emotional responses in real time, offering a non-invasive way to map a dog’s neurological patterns.

 Beyond neural imaging, canine emotions are also expressed through distinct behavioral cues. Movements such as tail wagging, changes in ear posture, and vocalizations like barking may all serve as outward indicators of a dog’s internal state. Nevertheless, scientists caution against oversimplification. A wagging tail, for example, does not universally signify happiness—it may indicate anxiety, excitement, or even aggression, depending on its speed, direction, and overall body language.

 To enhance the reliability of emotional assessments, researchers frequently analyze biochemical markers. One such marker is oxytocin, often referred to as the “bonding hormone,” which tends to increase when dogs interact with people they trust. These physiological shifts provide compelling evidence of emotional connection.

 By synthesizing data from neurological, behavioral, and hormonal sources, scientists are now able to make more informed inferences about how a dog is feeling. However, they emphasize that while dogs experience emotions, their expressions of those emotions do not mirror human patterns. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of canine emotion requires both scientific inquiry and empathy.

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🔹 Reading Comprehension Questions

Q1. What methods are used to study a dog’s emotions?
A. Recording dreams
B. Measuring tail size
C. Checking brain scans and hormone levels
D. Feeding the dog and watching

Q2. What does a rise in oxytocin most likely indicate in a dog?
A. Hunger or fear
B. Physical tiredness
C. Trust and bonding
D. Excitement after playing

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🔹 Vocabulary Quiz

Q3. What does the phrase “synthesize data” mean in the passage?
A. To create a new device
B. To separate ideas by topic
C. To combine information from different sources
D. To erase unnecessary facts

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🔹 Grammar Quiz

Q4. Choose the correct sentence:
A. Scientists studies dogs emotion with scan.
B. Dogs expressing their emotion by bark.
C. Experts have found changes in dogs’ hormones.
D. The dog feel the love hormone increase.

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🔹 어휘 정리표 (영영 + 한글)

English Expression	English Definition	Korean Meaning
hormone	A chemical made in the body that controls functions	호르몬
neurological	Related to the brain, nerves, and nervous system	신경학적인
bonding	Forming a close connection or relationship	유대 형성
sophisticated	Advanced and complex in design or method	정교한, 고급의
inference	A conclusion based on evidence and reasoning	추론
emotion	A strong feeling such as joy, anger, or fear	감정
vocalization	The act of making sound or speech	소리 내기, 울음소리
behavioral cue	A sign in actions that shows emotional state	행동 신호
empathy	The ability to understand and share others’ feelings	공감
physiological	Related to the functions of living organisms	생리학적인

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✔ 정답 및 해설

Q1: C – Brain scans and hormone checks are the main scientific methods.
Q2: C – A rise in oxytocin shows emotional trust and bonding.
Q3: C – “Synthesize data” means to combine information to form a conclusion.
Q4: C – Experts (복수 주어) + have found (현재완료) + changes (복수 목적어). 정확한 문법 구조입니다.

🔻 A: 동사 불일치 (studies → study), 소유격 오류 (dogs emotion → dogs’ emotion), 전치사구 부자연스러움 (with scan → with a scan)
🔻 B: 동사 없음 (expressing → express), 동명사 누락 (by bark → by barking)
🔻 D: 단수 주어 + 복수 동사 (feel → feels), 명사구 어색 (the love hormone increase → an increase in the love hormone)

✅ Extra Grammar Note:
“Experts have found” uses present perfect tense, showing past discoveries with present relevance.
– 과학적 글에서는 “have + p.p.”가 자주 사용됩니다.

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💡 말하지 않아도 느껴지는 감정,
우리가 이해하려는 순간, 과학과 공감이 연결됩니다.

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