โ ํ์ต ๋ชฉํ
- ๋ถ์ฌ์ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณํ ์ ์๋ค.
- ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ 3๋จ๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ตํ๋ค.
- ์์ , ํ, ์ฃผ์ด ๊ด๊ณ์ ๋ง๊ฒ ์ ํํ ์ธ ์ ์๋ค.
๐ธ ๋ถ์ฌ vs ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ
๊ตฌ๋ถ | ์ค๋ช | ์์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ | ์ฐ์ |
---|---|---|---|
๐น ๋ถ์ฌ | ๋์ฌ๊ฐ ํ์ฉ์ฌ์ฒ๋ผ ์ฐ์ด๋ ๊ฒ | The girl reading a book is my sister. | ๋ช ์ฌ ๊พธ๋ฐ |
๐ธ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ | ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ ์ค์ธ ๋ฌธ์ฅ ๋ฉ์ด๋ฆฌ (๋ฌธ์ฅ ์ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์์) | Feeling tired, I went to bed early. | ๋ฌธ์ฅ ์ ์ฒด ์์ |
๐ธ 1. ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด๋?
์ ์์ฌ + ์ฃผ์ด + ๋์ฌ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์
๐ ๊ฐ๋จํ๊ฒ ์ค์ฌ์ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ผ๋ก ํํํ๋ ๊ฒ!
์์
- Because she was tired, she slept early.
โ Being tired, she slept early. - When I entered the room, I saw my friends.
โ Entering the room, I saw my friends.
๐ธ 2. ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ๋ง๋ค๊ธฐ ์์
์์: Because she opened the gift, she smiled.
1๏ธโฃ ์ ์์ฌ ์ญ์ โ opened the gift
2๏ธโฃ ์ฃผ์ด ํ์ธ โ ์ฃผ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ (she)
3๏ธโฃ ๋ถ์ฌ๋ก ๋ฐ๊พธ๊ธฐ โ opening the gift
โ ์ต์ข ๋ฌธ์ฅ: Opening the gift, she smiled.
๐ธ 3. ์์ ยท ํ ยท ๋ถ์ ํํ ์ ๋ฆฌ
๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ํํ | ์ค๋ช | ํํ/๋ฐฉ๋ฒ | ์์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ | ์๋ฌธ ๋ฌธ์ฅ |
---|---|---|---|---|
๋จ์ํ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ | ์ฃผ์ ๊ณผ ์์ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ ๋ | ๋์ฌ์ํ + -ing | Cooking dinner, she listened to music. | She cooked dinner and listened to music. |
๋ถ์ ์ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ | ๋ถ์ ์ ๋ํ๋ผ ๋ | not + ํ์ฌ๋ถ์ฌ / ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ฌ | Not knowing the answer, she stayed quiet. | Because she didnโt know the answer, she stayed quiet. |
์๋ฃํ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ | ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ ์์ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ ๋ณด๋ค ๋ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ผ ๋ | having + p.p. | Having finished her homework, she went to bed. | After she had finished her homework, she went to bed. |
์๋ํ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ | ์๋ํ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ์ค์ผ ๋ (์๋ต ๊ฐ๋ฅ) | (being) + p.p. / (having been) + p.p. | (Being) repaired recently, the car runs smoothly. (Having been) cleaned carefully, the room looked great. | Because the car was repaired recently, it runs smoothly. Because the room was cleaned carefully, it looked great. |
์ ์์ฌ ํฌํจ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ | ์๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์กฐํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋ช ํํ๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ์ถ์ ๋ (๋จ, ์ ์์ฌ ์ข ๋ฅ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ค๋ฆ) | ์ ์์ฌ + ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ | After having eaten lunch, he went back to work. | After he had eaten lunch, he went back to work. |
๐ฌ ‘being’์ด๋ ‘having been’์ ์์ฃผ ์๋ต๋์ง๋ง, ํญ์ ๋๋ ๊ฑด ์๋์์.
- โ๏ธ ์งง๊ณ ์ฌ์ด ๋ฌธ์ฅ์์๋ ์๋ตํด๋ ๋ผ์.
- ํ์ง๋ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ ํท๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์๋ตํ์ง ์๋ ๊ฒ ์ข์์.
๐น ํ์ฉ์ฌ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ (Being + ํ์ฉ์ฌ)
ํ์ฉ์ฌ๋ก ์์ํ๋ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ ์๋ Being + ํ์ฉ์ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์์.
โ ๋ณดํต Being์ ์๋ต๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- (Being) unable to explain the problem, he remained calm.
= As he was unable to explain the problem, he remained calm.
๐ธ 4. ์๋ฏธ๋ณ ์ ์์ฌ ์ ๋ฆฌ
์๋ฏธ | ์ ์์ฌ | ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ์์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ | ์๋ฌธ ๋ฌธ์ฅ |
---|---|---|---|
์๊ฐ | when, after, before | Entering the room, she smiled. | When she entered the room, she smiled. |
์ด์ | because, as, since | Being tired, he went to bed. | Because he was tired, he went to bed. |
์กฐ๊ฑด | if, once | Turning left, youโll see the bank. | If you turn left, youโll see the bank. |
์๋ณด | although, even though | Knowing the truth, she said nothing. | Although she knew the truth, she said nothing. |
๋์ | as, while | Reading a book, she took notes. | While she read a book, she took notes. |
์ฐ์ | and | He ate breakfast, leaving the house. | He ate breakfast and left the house. |
๐ก ์ ์์ฌ + ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ, ํจ๊ป ์จ๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์๊น?
๐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์์ฝ:
โถ ์๊ฐ/์กฐ๊ฑด ์ ์์ฌ (์: after, when, if)๋ ํจ๊ป ์จ๋ ์์ฐ์ค๋ฝ์ง๋ง,
โถ ์ด์ /์์ธ ์ ์์ฌ (์: because, since)๋ ํจ๊ป ์ฐ๋ฉด ๋ถ์์ฐ์ค๋ฝ์ต๋๋ค.
๐งฉ ์ธ์ ์์ฐ์ค๋ฝ๊ณ ์ธ์ ์ด์ํ ๊น?
๊ตฌ๋ถ | ์๋ฌธ | ์์ฐ์ค๋ฌ์ | ์ค๋ช |
---|---|---|---|
โ ์์ฐ์ค๋ฌ์ | After having eaten lunch, he went back to work. | ์์ฐ์ค๋ฌ์ | After๋ ์๊ฐ์ ํ๋ฆ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ฏ๋ก ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ์์ ๋จ๊ฒจ๋ ์์ฐ์ค๋ฝ๊ณ ๋ช ํํจ |
โ ๏ธ ์ด์ํจ | Since being tired, he went to bed. | ๋ถ์์ฐ์ค๋ฌ์ | Since๋ ์ด์ ์ ์์ฌ๋ผ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ์ฐ๋ฉด ์ด์ํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ถ์์ฐ์ค๋ฌ์ |
๐ ๊ณ ์น ๋ฌธ์ฅ โ | Being tired, he went to bed. | ์์ฐ์ค๋ฌ์ | ์ ์์ฌ ์์ด ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ๋ง ์ฌ์ฉ (์งง๊ณ ๋ช ํํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ) |
๐ ๊ณ ์น ๋ฌธ์ฅ โก | Since he was tired, he went to bed. | ์์ฐ์ค๋ฌ์ | ์ ์์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ๊ณ ์ผ๋ฐ ๋ถ์ฌ์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ ํํ๋ก ํํ |
๐ Tip: ์ ์์ฌ ์๋ต, ์ธ์ ๊ด์ฐฎ์๊น?
- โฐ ์๊ฐ/์กฐ๊ฑด ์ ์์ฌ (after, when, if ๋ฑ)๋ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์์ฐ์ค๋ฝ๊ฒ ํจ๊ป ์ฌ์ฉ ๊ฐ๋ฅ
- โ ๏ธ ์ด์ /์๋ณด ์ ์์ฌ (because, since, although ๋ฑ)๋ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ์ฐ๋ฉด ์ด์
โ ์ ์์ฌ ๋ฌธ์ฅ ํํ๋ก ์ ์งํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋ ์์ฐ์ค๋ฌ์
๐ธ 5. ๋ ๋ฆฝ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ (์ฃผ์ด ๋ค๋ฅผ ๋)
์ฃผ์ ๊ณผ ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ ์ฃผ์ด๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฅผ ๋,
๐ ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ ์ฃผ์ด๋ฅผ ์๋ตํ์ง ์๊ณ ๋ถ์ฌ ์์ ๋ฐ๋์ ์จ์ค์ผ ํด์!
์์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ | ์๋ฌธ ๋ฌธ์ฅ | ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ค๋ช |
---|---|---|
It being Sunday, the shops were closed. | Because it was Sunday, the shops were closed. | It + being (๋น์ธ์นญ ์ฃผ์ด) |
The weather being fine, we went out. | Because the weather was fine, we went out. | ๋ช ์ฌ + ๋ถ์ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ |
Tom being absent, we postponed the meeting. | Because Tom was absent, we postponed the meeting. | ๋ช ์ฌ + being ๊ตฌ์กฐ |
๐ฌ ํ ์ค ์์ฝ
์ฃผ์ ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ด๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฅด๋ฉด โ ๋ฐ๋์ “It being / ๋ช
์ฌ + ๋ถ์ฌ”๋ก ์์ํด์ผ ํด์!
๐น 6. ๋น์ธ์นญ ๋ ๋ฆฝ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ
๐ ์ฌ๋ ์ ์ฒด๋ ์ํฉ ์ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งํ ๋,
ํน์ ์ฃผ์ด ์์ด ๊ด์ฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ฃผ ์ฐ๋ ํํ์ด์์!
ํํ | ์๋ฏธ | ์์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ |
---|---|---|
Generally speaking | ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋งํด์ | Generally speaking, students like games. |
Frankly speaking | ์์งํ ๋งํด์ | Frankly speaking, I didnโt enjoy the party. |
Considering ~ | ~์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ๋ฉด | Considering his age, he looks very young. |
Judging from ~ | ~์ผ๋ก ํ๋จํ๊ฑด๋ | Judging from her face, she was angry. |
Speaking of ~ | ~์ ๋ํด ๋งํ์๋ฉด | Speaking of the trip, when are we going? |
๐ธ 7. with + ๋ช ์ฌ + ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ
with + ๋ช ์ฌ + ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ โ~ํ ์ฑ๋กโ, โ~ํ๋ฉด์โ์ ์ํ๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช ํฉ๋๋ค.
- with + ๋ช ์ฌ + ๋ถ์ฌ๋ **๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด ์๋๋ผ ‘๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ ํํ‘**์ด์์.
- with + ๋ช ์ฌ + ๋ถ์ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ์ถ๊ฐ ์ค๋ช ์ ๋ง๋ถ์ผ ๋ ์์ฃผ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ผ์.
- ๋ ๋ฆฝ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ฒ๋ผ ์ฃผ์ ๊ณผ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์ด๊ฐ ์กด์ฌํ๊ธด ํ์ง๋ง, ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋, ๊ธฐ๋ฅ๋ ์ ํ ๋ค๋ฆ ๋๋ค.
- ๐ ๋ ๋ฆฝ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋น์ทํ์ง๋ง, โwithโ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค๋ ์ ์ด ๋ฌ๋ผ์!
๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ค๋ช | ์ ํ | ์ค๋ช | ์์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ |
---|---|---|---|
with + ๋ช ์ฌ + ๋ถ์ฌ | ๋ฅ๋ | ๋ช ์ฌ๊ฐ ~ํ๋ ์ค์ผ ๋ | They walked with the dog barking. |
with + ๋ช ์ฌ + p.p. | ์๋ | ๋ช ์ฌ๊ฐ ~๋ ์ํ์ผ ๋ | He stood with his hands tied. |
with + ๋ช ์ฌ + ํ์ฉ์ฌ | ํ์ฉ์ฌ/๋ถ์ฌ | ์ํ ๋๋ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ค๋ช | She studied with the light on. |
๐ฌ ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ๋ฌ์ฌ, ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ ๋ณด, ์ํ ์ค๋ช ๋ฑ์ ์์ฃผ ์ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ฒ๋ผ ๋์ ์ํฉ์ ํํํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
โจ ํ ์ค ์์ฝ
๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ ์ฃผ์ด, ์์ , ํ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ ํํ ๋ฐ๊ฟ์ผ ํด์.
์ฃผ์ด๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฐ๋์ ์จ์ค์ผ ํด์!
It being / With + ๋ช
์ฌ + ๋ถ์ฌ
๐ ๋ํ ์ ํ ๋ฌธ์
1๏ธโฃ Because she was late, she missed the bus.
โ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๊ฟ ๋ณด์ธ์.
2๏ธโฃ When I entered the classroom, I saw her.
โ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๊ฟ ๋ณด์ธ์.
3๏ธโฃ After she had finished her meal, she left.
โ ์๋ฃํ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๊ฟ ๋ณด์ธ์.
4๏ธโฃ Although he was tired, he kept running.
โ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๊ฟ ๋ณด์ธ์.
5๏ธโฃ It being Monday, the office was crowded.
โ ๋
๋ฆฝ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ํํ๋ก ํด์ํด๋ณด์ธ์.
6๏ธโฃ Generally speaking, people like compliments.
โ ๋น์ธ์นญ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด ์ด๋ค ์๋ฏธ์ธ์ง ์๊ฐํด๋ณด์ธ์.
7๏ธโฃ With the window open, the room felt fresh.
โ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ฅ์์ ๋ถ์ฌ๋ ์ด๋ค ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ํ๋์?
โ ๋ง๋ฌด๋ฆฌ Tip
- ์ ์์ฌ๋ be๋์ฌ๋ ํญ์ ์๋ต๋๋ ๊ฑด ์๋์์!
- ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ ํท๊ฐ๋ฆด ๋ ์๋ตํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
- ์ํ์์๋ ์๋ต ์ ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ฌป๋ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์์ฃผ ์ถ์ ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
โญ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ๋ณํ ์ฃผ์์ฌํญ ์ด์ ๋ฆฌ
- ์ ์์ฌ + ๋ถ์ฌ ๋์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ์ด์ํ ์ ์์ด์
โ Since being tired โ Being tired / Since he was tired - ๐ธ not, never๋ ๋ถ์ฌ ์์ ์์น
- ๐ธ ์๋ฃ ์์ ์ having + p.p., ์๋ต ๊ฐ๋ฅ
- ๐ธ ์๋ ํํ์ (being) + p.p., ์งง์ผ๋ฉด ์๋ต ๊ฐ๋ฅ
- ๐ธ being + ํ์ฌ๋ถ์ฌ๋ ์ฌ์ฉ ๋ถ๊ฐ
- ๐ธ ์ฃผ์ด๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฐ๋์ ๋ ๋ฆฝ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ์ฌ์ฉ
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