๐Ÿ“[๊ฐœ๋…]๐Ÿงพ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๏ฝœwhenever / wherever / however

๐ŸŽฏ ํ•™์Šต ๋ชฉํ‘œ whenever / wherever / however์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ,no matter ์ „ํ™˜, ๊ฐ•์กฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ, ๋„์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์˜๋ฏธ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ (์‹œ๊ฐ„ / ์žฅ์†Œ / ์–‘๋ณด)์— ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๐Ÿ“˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ •๋ฆฌ ๐Ÿ” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ‘œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„/์žฅ์†Œ ํ‘œํ˜„ ์–‘๋ณด/๊ฐ•์กฐ ํ‘œํ˜„ whenever at any time when no matter when wherever at any place where no matter where however … ๋” ์ฝ๊ธฐ

[์˜๋ฌธ๋ฒ•|๊ฐœ๋…] ๋ณตํ•ฉ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ | whatever, whoever, whichever

๐Ÿง  ๋ณตํ•ฉ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ž€? ๋ณตํ•ฉ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ + -ever ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ,์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ,๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด/์–‘๋ณด์˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๐Ÿ”น ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๐Ÿงพ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์˜๋ฏธ ๋น„๊ต 1.ย whatever = anything that / no matter what ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ โœ… whatever = anything that โœ… whatever = no matter what ์˜๋ฏธ ~ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ~ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์—ญํ•  ๋ณตํ•ฉ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ (๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ) ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ ์ ‘์†์–ด (์กฐ๊ฑด/์–‘๋ณด์ ˆ) ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ Whatever you want … ๋” ์ฝ๊ธฐ

๐Ÿงฎ [๊ฐœ๋… ์™„์ „์ •๋ฆฌ] ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ that ์™„์ „์ •๋ณต๏ฝœ์“ฐ์ž„, ๋น„๊ต, ์ƒ๋žต, ์ฃผ์˜์  ์ด์ •๋ฆฌ

๐Ÿงฎ [๊ฐœ๋… ์™„์ „์ •๋ฆฌ] ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ that ์™„์ „์ •๋ณต๏ฝœ์“ฐ์ž„, ๋น„๊ต, ์ƒ๋žต, ์ฃผ์˜์  ์ด์ •๋ฆฌ 1. ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ that์ด๋ž€? that์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ, ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์šฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•œ์ •์  ์šฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ด€๊ณ„์ ˆ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2. who / which vs that ๋น„๊ต ๐Ÿ“‹ who / which vs that ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋น„๊ต ์ƒํ™ฉ who / which that ์„ค๋ช… ๋ฐ … ๋” ์ฝ๊ธฐ

๐Ÿงฎ๐Ÿ“ฅ[ํ•ธ๋“œ์•„์›ƒ] ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ which์˜ ๊ณ„์†์  ์šฉ๋ฒ•+PDF

์•ž ๋ช…์‚ฌ vs ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ „์ฒด ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋ฒ• ์™„์ „ ์ •๋ฆฌ โœ” ํ•™์Šต ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๐Ÿ”น ๊ฐœ๋… ํ•œ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ which๋Š” ์ฝค๋งˆ(,) ๋’ค์—์„œ ์•ž์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.โ†’ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฝค๋งˆ ๋’ค์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋žตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ.โ†’ ํ•ด์„์€ โ€œ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ~ํ–ˆ๋‹คโ€ ๋˜๋Š” โ€œ๊ทธ ์ผ์€ ~ํ–ˆ๋‹คโ€์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋จ. ๐Ÿ”น ๊ฐœ๋… ๋น„๊ตํ‘œ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ํฌ์ธํŠธ ์•ž ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ฌธ์žฅ … ๋” ์ฝ๊ธฐ

๐Ÿ“˜ [๊ฐœ๋…] ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ which์˜ ๊ณ„์†์  ์šฉ๋ฒ• | ์ˆ˜์ผ์น˜

์ฝค๋งˆ(,) ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณ„์†์  ์šฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์œ  โœ” ํ•™์Šต ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๐Ÿง  ๊ฐœ๋… ํ•œ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์„ค๋ช… ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ which ์•ž์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ(๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ)๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์„ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๋ง ๊ณ„์†์  ์šฉ๋ฒ• (non-restrictive) ์ฝค๋งˆ(,) ๋’ค์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ถ™์ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์ผ์น˜ ์›์น™ ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ โœจ ์ฝค๋งˆ(,) ๋’ค which์ ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•ž … ๋” ์ฝ๊ธฐ

๐Ÿ“˜[๊ฐœ๋…] ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ + ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์™„์ „ ์ •๋ณต! (์ž๋™์ฑ„์ )

๏ฝœ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด vs ๊ฒฉ์‹์ฒด ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋น„๊ต + ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ€์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๐Ÿ”— ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์˜: ๐Ÿ“บ YouTube ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋ณด๊ธฐ โœ” ์ˆ˜์—… ๋ชฉํ‘œ 1๏ธโƒฃ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ๋… ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ž€? ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” **์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ(์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ)**๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ž€? ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์•ž์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.๋ณดํ†ต ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2๏ธโƒฃ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ vs ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ + ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋น„๊ต โœ… ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋น„๊ตํ‘œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ + ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ … ๋” ์ฝ๊ธฐ

๐Ÿ“˜ [์ด์ •๋ฆฌ] ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์™„์ „ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๏ฝœwhom / which / that / what (์ž๋™ ์ฑ„์ )

๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ! ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ณต์‹ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ์ด์ „ ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ(whom, which, that, what)๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฐœ๋…, ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋ฒ•, ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ, ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. โœ” ํ•™์Šต ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๐Ÿ”น ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ž€? ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ **๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ(=๋ชฉ์ ์–ด)**๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋  ๋•Œ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.๐Ÿ‘‰ ์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋’ค ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: … ๋” ์ฝ๊ธฐ

๐Ÿ“˜ [๊ฐœ๋…] ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ๏ฝœwhom ๋ฌธ์žฅ ํ•ฉ์น˜๊ธฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ(์ž๋™์ฑ„์ )

๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.๊ทธ์ค‘ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ whom์€ ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฉ์‹ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์–ด์ฒด์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” whom์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์“ฐ์ž„๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๋™ ์ฑ„์  ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‹ค์ „์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์•ˆ๋‚ด๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โœ” ํ•™์Šต ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๐Ÿ”น ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ž€? ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ **๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ(=์‚ฌ๋žŒ)**๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋  ๋•Œ, … ๋” ์ฝ๊ธฐ

๐Ÿ“˜ [๊ฐœ๋…] ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ๏ฝœwhose ๋ฌธ์žฅ ํ•ฉ์น˜๊ธฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ (์ž๋™ ์ฑ„์ )

๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ whose๋Š” ‘๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒƒ’์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” whose์˜ ์“ฐ์ž„๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๋™ ์ฑ„์  ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์ตํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โœ” ํ•™์Šต ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๐Ÿ”น ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ž€? ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ … ๋” ์ฝ๊ธฐ

[๊ฐœ๋…] ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ํ•ฉ์น˜๊ธฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ (์ž๋™ ์ฑ„์ )

๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ! ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ณต์‹ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ โœ” ํ•™์Šต ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๐Ÿ”น ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ž€? ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ **๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ(=์ฃผ์–ด)**๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋  ๋•Œ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.์ฃผ์–ด ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋’ค์— ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๐Ÿ”น ๊ณต์‹ ์ •๋ฆฌ [๋ช…์‚ฌ] + who / which / that + [๋™์‚ฌ] … โœจ ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์•ž ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ … ๋” ์ฝ๊ธฐ